by Dr. Scott Flinn, regional medical director for Provider Partnerships, Blue Shield of California
This news story is also available in Spanish.
Whooping cough cases are on the rise in the United States, and especially California. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported more than 1,100 cases in the state through October 2024 — a number most likely lower than actual occurrences, since many minor cases go undetected.
In my experience as an urgent care doctor, I see many patients who are unclear about respiratory illnesses: two common conditions that often get confused are whooping cough and the common cold. It’s important to be able to spot the differences between this serious illness and other respiratory viruses so you can seek treatment right away.
What is whooping cough, and who is at risk?
Whooping cough, or pertussis, is a highly contagious bacterial infection caused by a bacteria called Bordetella pertussis., that spreads from person to person through the air when an infected person sneezes or coughs. It primarily affects the respiratory tract and is characterized by severe coughing fits that can lead to difficulty breathing. It can be a serious infection for pregnant people, infants, young children, seniors and individuals with upper respiratory problems, such as asthma.
How can I recognize whooping cough vs. a cold?
Consult this helpful chart for the biggest differences between the two ailments, and how a doctor can tell the difference.
When to see a doctor
If you or your family members experience severe coughing fits, especially if they include the characteristic “whoop,” it’s essential to see a healthcare provider. Adults need to know that symptoms may display differently in small children or infants, the cough can be minimal or nonexistent, and apnea, or temporary pauses in breathing, may be the only symptom. This age group may also experience dehydration and pneumonia — or even need to be hospitalized.
While most common colds are mild, see a doctor if symptoms worsen or do not improve after about a week.
Seek immediate medical care for the following symptoms at any time:
- Problems breathing
- Blue lips or face
- Uncontrollable vomiting
Understanding the difference between whooping cough and a cold can help you respond appropriately to symptoms and seek medical attention as needed. Staying informed and practicing good hygiene can go a long way in preventing these respiratory illnesses.
Whether dealing with a cold or something more serious like whooping cough, always listen to your body and prioritize your health.
- View "5 Differences Between Whooping Cough and the Common Cold" chart in larger format
- For Blue Shield members: Discover all your care options or find a doctor
- Find more on whooping cough vaccinations
- Get the Tdap vaccine for preteens and teens
- Learn about the treatment of whooping cough (pertussis)